Isizukulwane esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe obungenawaya sigcwele izinselele, kodwa lokho akusehlisanga ijubane.
Lobu buchwepheshe bunamazinga edatha aphezulu kakhulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu kune-4G LTE, kanye nekhono lokuphatha ukuminyana kwedivayisi okukhushulwe kakhulu ngesayithi yeselula ngayinye.Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu bokuphatha idatha eningi ekhiqizwa izinzwa zezimoto, amadivaysi e-IoT futhi, ngokwandayo, ama-electronics esizukulwane esilandelayo.
Amandla aqhuba lobu buchwepheshe isixhumi esibonakalayo somoya esisha esizokwenza abaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula bakwazi ukuzuza ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ngesabelo se-spectrum esifanayo.Ukulandelana kwenethiwekhi entsha kuzokwenza kube lula ukusebenza namanethiwekhi ahlukene e-5G ngokukuvumela ukuthi unikeze amandla izinhlobo eziningi zethrafikhi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zethrafikhi.
"Kumayelana nomkhawulokudonsa kanye ne-latency," kusho uMichael Thompson, i-RF Solutions Architect ku-Cadence's Custom ICs kanye ne-PCBs Group.“Ngingayithola ngokushesha kangakanani idatha enkulu?Enye inzuzo ukuthi lolu uhlelo oluguquguqukayo, ngakho lungisindisa enkingeni yokuhlanganisa sonke isiteshi noma iziteshi eziningi zomkhawulokudonsa.Lokhu kufana nokwenziwa kwesidingo, kuye ngesicelo.Yilokhu.Ngakho-ke, iguquguquka kakhulu kunezinga lesizukulwane sangaphambilini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wayo uphakeme kakhulu.”
Lokhu kuvula amathuba amasha okufaka izicelo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, emicimbini yezemidlalo, embonini nasezintweni zokuthutha."Uma ngibeka izinzwa ezanele endizeni, ngiyakwazi ukuyilawula, futhi ngesicelo esifana nokufunda komshini, izoqala ukuqonda lapho ingxenye, uhlelo noma inqubo idinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa," kusho uThompson.“Ngakho-ke kunendiza endiza ezweni futhi izohlala eLaGuardia.Ima, kuzofika othile azoyishintsha.Lokhu kuya ezintweni ezinkulu kakhulu zokunyakazisa umhlaba, kanye nemishini yezimayini lapho uhlelo luzinakekela khona.Ufuna ukuvimbela lezi zisetshenziswa zamayunithi ezigidi zamadola ukuthi zingaphahlazeki ukuze zingahlali lapho zilinde ukuthunyelwa kwezingxenye. Uzothola idatha evela ezinkulungwaneni zalawa mayunithi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kudinga umkhawulokudonsa omningi. nokubambezeleka okuphansi ukuze uthole ulwazi ngokushesha.Uma udinga ukujika futhi uthumele okuthile emuva, nawe ungayithumela ngokushesha okukhulu.”
Ubuchwepheshe obubodwa, ukuqaliswa okuningi Igama elithi 5G lisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kulezi zinsuku.Ngendlela yakhona evamile, lokhu kuwukuvela kobuchwepheshe obungenawaya beselula obuzovumela izinsiza ezintsha ukuthi zilawulwe endaweni yokusebenzela evamile yomoya, kuchaza u-Colin Alexander, umqondisi wokumaketha okungenantambo webhizinisi lengqalasizinda ye-Arm."Kuzokwabelwa amafrikhwensi amaningana akhona namasha okuthwala ithrafikhi esuka ku-sub-1 GHz ehamba amabanga amade, indawo engaphansi kwedolobha nebanzi, kanye nethrafikhi ye-millimeter-wave isuka ku-26 iye ku-60 GHz ngamacala amasha okusebenzisa amandla aphezulu, aphansi."
I-Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance (NGMN) nezinye zenze inothisi ebonisa izimo zokusetshenziswa emaphoyintini amathathu kanxantathu—ikhona elilodwa le-broadband yeselula ethuthukisiwe, elinye elokuxhumana okuthembekile okuphansi kwe-latency (URLLC).Uhlobo lomshini wokuxhumana.Ngamunye wabo udinga uhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwenethiwekhi ngezidingo zabo.
"Lokhu kuholela kwenye imfuneko ye-5G, imfuneko yokuchaza inethiwekhi eyinhloko," kusho u-Alexander."Inethiwekhi eyinhloko izokala ngempumelelo zonke lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zethrafikhi."
Uphawule ukuthi opharetha benethiwekhi yeselula basebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngokuthuthukiswa okuvumelana nezimo kakhulu nokwandiswa kwamanethiwekhi abo, besebenzisa ukuqaliswa kwesoftware eyenziwe nge-virtualized kanye ne-container esebenza ku-hardware yekhompuyutha ejwayelekile efwini.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zethrafikhi ye-URLLC, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza manje zingaphathwa kusukela emafini.Kodwa lokhu kudinga ukuhambisa ezinye izilawuli nemisebenzi yomsebenzisi eduze konqenqema lwenethiwekhi, kusixhumi esibonakalayo somoya.Isibonelo, cabanga ngamarobhothi ahlakaniphile ezimbonini adinga amanethiwekhi abambekayo aphansi ngezizathu zokuphepha nokusebenza kahle.Lokhu kuzodinga amabhulokhi ekhompiyutha asemaphethelweni, ngalinye elinamakhono ekhompyutha, isitoreji, ukusheshisa, namandla okufunda ngomshini, nokuthi ezinye kodwa hhayi zonke izinsiza ze-V2X nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto zizoba nezidingo ezifanayo, kusho u-Alexander.
”Ezimweni lapho ukubambezeleka okuphansi kuyadingeka, ukucubungula kungaphinde kuhanjiswe onqenqemeni ukuze kubalwe futhi kuxhunywe izixazululo ze-V2X.Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lumayelana nokuphathwa kwezinsiza, njengokupaka izimoto noma ukulandelela umkhiqizi, i-computing ingaba i-computing yamafu eningi. "kudivayisi ", - esho.
Ukudizayina i-5G Konjiniyela abaklami abanikezwe umsebenzi wokuklama ama-chips e-5G, kunezingcezu eziningi ezihambayo ku-puzzle, ngayinye enesethi yayo yokucatshangelwa.Isibonelo, eziteshini eziyisisekelo, enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
"Iziteshi eziningi eziyisisekelo ziklanywe ngezindawo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe ze-ASIC ne-FPGA," kusho uGeoff Tate, oyi-CEO yeFlex Logix.“Okwamanje, zenzelwe ukusebenzisa ama-SerDes, adla amandla amaningi futhi athatha indawo enkulu.Uma ukwazi ukwakha ukuhleleka ku-ASIC ungakwazi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokugxilwa kwezinyawo ngoba awudingi ama-SerDes ukuthi asebenze ngokushesha futhi unomkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe phakathi kwe-programmable logic kanye ne-ASICs i-Intel ikwenza lokhu ngokufaka i-Xeons ne-Altera FPGA yabo iphakheji efanayo Ukuze uthole izikhathi ezingu-100 ngaphezulu komkhawulokudonsa Izinto ezithakazelisayo mayelana neziteshi eziyisisekelo Okokuqala, uthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bese ungathengisa futhi uyisebenzise emhlabeni wonke.Ngomakhalekhukhwini, ungakha izinguqulo ezihlukene zamazwe ahlukene.”
Izimfuneko zihlukile kumadivayisi asetshenziswe kunethiwekhi eyinhloko kanye nasefwini.Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ukwakheka okwenza kube lula ukuphatha isofthiwe futhi kalula ukuthuthwa kwezigameko zokusebenzisa amadivayisi.
“I-ecosystem yamazinga okuphatha izinsiza zamabhokisi abonakalayo njenge-OPNFV (Open Platform for Network Function Virtualization) ibaluleke kakhulu,” kusho u-Alexander we-Arm.“Ukuphatha ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-elementi enethiwekhi kanye nethrafikhi phakathi kwamadivayisi nge-orchestration yesevisi nakho kuzoba ukhiye.I-ONAP (I-Open Network Automation Platform) iyisibonelo.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza kahle kwedivayisi nakho kuyizinketho ezibalulekile zokuklama. "
Emaphethelweni enethiwekhi, izidingo zifaka ukubambezeleka okuphansi, umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu wezinga lomsebenzisi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
"Ama-accelerator adinga ukwazi ukusekela kalula izidingo eziningi ezahlukene zekhompiyutha ezingaphathwa kahle yi-CPU yenhloso evamile," kusho u-Alexander.Ikhono lokukala libaluleke kakhulu.Ukusekela kwezakhiwo ezingakala kalula phakathi kwama-ASIC, ASSPs, nama-FPGA nakho kubalulekile, njengoba i-edge computing izosatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi anoma yimuphi usayizi nakunoma iyiphi idivayisi.Ukuqina kwesoftware nakho kubalulekile. ”
I-5G ingase futhi ibangele izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwe-chipset, ikakhulukazi lapho imisakazo ikhona.U-Ron Lowman uthe ngenkathi iziphetho zangaphambili ze-analog zezixazululo ze-LTE zibekwe emsakazweni, iphrosesa, noma ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele, lapho amaqembu abaklami ethuthela kubuchwepheshe obusha, lawo maphethelo angaphambili avame ukuphuma ku-chip kuqala bese abuyela kuyo. .njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka Yena, iSynopsys IoT Strategic Marketing Manager.
"Ngokufika kwe-5G, kulindeleke ukuthi imisakazo eminingi, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, futhi ngokushesha, ama-node zobuchwepheshe athuthukile njenge-12nm nangaphezulu azodlala indima ebalulekile ezingxenyeni ezihlanganisiwe," kusho u-Lowman.“Lokhu kudinga abaguquli bedatha abangena ku-analog interface ukuthi bakwazi ukuphatha ama-gigasamples ngomzuzwana.Ukuthembeka okuphezulu nakho kubalulekile njalo.Izinto ezifana ne-spectrum evulekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Wi-Fi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kunakudala.Ukuzama ukubhekana nakho konke lokho akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi ukufunda ngomshini kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kungafaneleka kahle ukwenza omunye umsebenzi onzima.Lokhu-ke kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, njengoba kungalayishi kuphela ukucubungula, kodwa nenkumbulo.”
UThompson waseCadence uyavuma.“Njengoba sithuthukisa i-5G noma i-IoT yamazinga aphezulu angu-802.11 ngisho nokunye okucatshangelwayo kwe-ADAS, sizama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukushibhile, kube kuncane futhi kwandise ukusebenza ngokuthuthela kuma-node amancane.Qhathanisa lokho nengxube yokukhathazeka kwakho, okuphawulwe eRussian Federation, ”kusho yena.“Njengoba ama-node eba mancane, ama-IC aba mancane.Ukuze i-IC isebenzise ngokugcwele usayizi wayo omncane, idinga ukuba sephaketheni elincane.Kunomfutho wokuthi izinto zibe zincane futhi zihlangane, kodwa akuyona into enhle leyo.”ye-RF Design”.“…ngokulingisa, angikhathazeki kakhulu ngomthelela wesekethe ekusabalaliseni.Uma nginengxenye yensimbi, ingase ibukeke njenge-resistor kancane, kodwa ibukeka njenge-resistor kuwo wonke ama-frequencies.Uma kuwumphumela we-RF, khona-ke kuwulayini wokudlulisela, uzobukeka ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngokuthi ngithumela imvamisa engakanani phezu kwayo.Lezi nkundla zizocushwa kwezinye izingxenye zeketango.Manje ngiqoqe yonke into eduze komunye nomunye futhi nini kwenza, uxhumano I-Degree ikhula ngokuqhubekayo.Lapho ngifika kumanodi amancane, le miphumela yokuhlanganisa igqama kakhulu, okusho futhi ukuthi i-voltage yokuchema incane.Ngakho-ke umsindo uwumphumela omkhulu ngoba angichemi phansi idivayisi. Amandla kagesi aphansi, izinga lomsindo elifanayo linomphumela owengeziwe. Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zikhona ezingeni lesistimu ku-5G.”
Ukugxila okusha ekuthembekeni Ukwethembeka sekuthathe incazelo entsha kwezokuxhumana okungenantambo njengoba lawa mashiphu esetshenziswa kwezezimoto, ezimbonini nasezinhlelweni zezokwelapha.Lokhu ngokuvamile akuhlobene nokuxhumana okungenantambo, lapho ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka, ukuwohloka kokusebenza, nanoma iyiphi enye inkinga engaphazamisa isevisi ngokuvamile ibonakala njengokuphazamiseka esikhundleni sendaba yezokuphepha.
"Kudingeka sithole izindlela ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-chips okuphepha asebenzayo azosebenza ngokuthembekile," kusho u-Roland Jahnke, Inhloko Yezindlela Zokuklama kwa-Fraunhofer EAS.“Njengemboni, asikafiki lapho.Sizama ukuhlela inqubo yokuthuthukisa khona manje.Kudingeka sibheke ukuthi izingxenye namathuluzi kusebenzisana kanjani, futhi sinomsebenzi omningi wokuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki. ”
U-Jahnke waphawula ukuthi kuze kube manje iningi lezinkinga libe ngenxa yephutha elilodwa lokuklama.“Kuthiwani uma kukhona izimbungulu ezimbili noma ezintathu?Umuntu oqinisekisayo kufanele atshele umklami ukuthi yini engase ihambe kabi nalapho iziphazamisi zikuphi, bese azibuyisela emuva phakathi nenqubo yokuklama.”
Lokhu sekuyinkinga enkulu ezimakethe eziningi ezibalulekile zokuphepha, futhi inkinga enkulu ngocingo olungenantambo kanye nezimoto inani elihlala likhula lokuguquguquka kuzo zombili izinhlangothi."Ezinye zazo kufanele zenzelwe ukuthi zihlale zivuliwe," kusho u-Oliver King, i-CTO yaseMoortec.“Ukumodela kusenesikhathi kungabikezela ukuthi izinto zizosetshenziswa kanjani.Kunzima ukubikezela.Kuzothatha isikhathi ukubona ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani.”
Kudingeka inethiwekhi yesigodi.Kodwa-ke, izinkampani ezanele zinomuzwa wokuthi i-5G inezinzuzo ezanele zokuthethelela umzamo wokwakha ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kusebenze konke.
UMagdi Abadir, iphini likamongameli wezokumaketha kwa-Helic, uthe umehluko omkhulu nge-5G kuzoba isivinini sedatha esinikezwayo.“I-5G ingasebenza ngesivinini ukusuka ku-10 kuya ku-20 gigabits ngomzuzwana.Ingqalasizinda kufanele isekele uhlobo lwezinga lokudluliswa kwedatha, futhi ama-chips kufanele acubungule le datha engenayo.Kwabamukeli nabadlulisi ngamabhendi angaphezu kuka-100 GB, imvamisa kufanele futhi inakwe.E-Russian Federation, asetshenziselwa imvamisa ye-70 GHz yama-radar nokunye okunjalo. "
Ukudala le ngqalasizinda kuwumsebenzi onzima ohlanganisa izixhumanisi ezimbalwa ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngogesi.
"Umlingo okukhulunywa ngawo ukwenza lokhu uzama ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe ohlangothini lwe-RF lwe-SoC," kusho u-Abadir.Ukuhlanganiswa ne-analog ADC kanye nezingxenye ze-DAC ezinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamasampula.Konke kufanele kuhlanganiswe ku-SoC efanayo.Sikubonile ukuhlanganiswa futhi saxoxa ngezinkinga zokuhlanganisa, kodwa lokhu kwenza ihaba ngayo yonke into ngoba kusetha umgomo ophezulu futhi kuphoqa onjiniyela ukuthi bahlanganise ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambilini.Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa yonke into futhi ungaphazamisi izifunda ezingomakhelwane.”
Kuleli phuzu lokubuka, i-2G ngokuyinhloko idlulisa izwi, kuyilapho i-3G ne-4G idlulisela idatha eyengeziwe kanye nokusekelwa okuphumelelayo.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-5G imelela ukwanda kwamadivayisi ahlukene, izinsizakalo ezihlukene kanye nomkhawulokudonsa owandisiwe.
"Amamodeli amasha okusetshenziswa afana ne-broadband yeselula ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuxhumeka okuphansi kwe-latency kudinga ukwanda kwe-10x kumkhawulokudonsa," kusho uMike Fitton, uMhleli we-Strategic kanye Nochwepheshe Wokuthuthukiswa Kwebhizinisi e-Achronix.“Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-5G kulindeleke ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu ku-V2X, ikakhulukazi esizukulwaneni esilandelayo se-5G.I-5G Release 16 izoba ne-URLLC ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-V2X.Uhlelo lokusebenza lohlobo lwenethiwekhi.
Ukuhlelela ikusasa elingaqinisekile le-5G kuvame ukubukwa njengochungechunge lwezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezinomkhawulokudonsa ongu-10x ngaphezulu, i-5x latency, kanye namadivayisi angu-5-10x ngaphezulu.Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yiqiniso lokuthi uyinki kuma-specs we-5G awomile kakhulu.Kuhlala kukhona izengezo zamuva ezidinga ukuguquguquka futhi ziguquke zibe ukuhleleka.
"Uma ucabangela izidingo ezimbili ezinkulu zesixhumanisi sedatha yehadiwe ngenxa yomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nesidingo sokuguquguquka, lokhu kusho ukuthi uzodinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-SoC noma i-ASIC ezinikezele enokuhleleka okwengeziwe phakathi kwehadiwe nesofthiwe.…uma ubheka yonke inkundla ye-5G namuhla, zonke zisekelwe kuma-FPGA ngoba awukuboni okuphumayo.Kwesinye isikhathi, wonke ama-OEM amakhulu angenantambo kungenzeka adlulele kumandla we-ASIC wesoftware eyongayo futhi ethuthukisiwe, kodwa adinga ukuguquguquka kanye nokushayela ukwehlisa izindleko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.Imayelana nokugcina ukuguquguquka lapho ukudinga khona (kuma-FPGA noma ama-FPGA ashumekiwe) bese wengeza ukusebenza lapho kungenzeka khona ukuze uzuze izindleko eziphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.”
I-Tate ye-Flex Logix iyavuma.“Zingaphezu kuka-100 izinkampani ezisebenza kule ndawo.I-spectrum ihlukile, iphrothokholi ihlukile, nama-chips asetshenzisiwe ahlukile.I-repeater chip izoba namandla alinganiselwe ezindongeni zesakhiwo, lapho kungase kube khona indawo lapho i-eFPGA ibaluleke kakhulu.
Izindaba Ezihlobene I-Rocky Road eya ku-5G Buzohamba ibanga elingakanani lobu buchwepheshe obusha obungenawaya, futhi yiziphi izinselele okusamele zinqotshwe?Ukuhlola Okungenantambo Kubhekana Nezinselele Ezintsha Ukufika kwe-5G nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha obungenawaya kwenza ukuhlola kube nzima nakakhulu.Ukuhlola okungenantambo kuyisixazululo esisodwa esingaba khona.I-Tech Talk: Isho ukuthini i-5G, izinga elisha elingenantambo, embonini yezobuchwepheshe nokuthi yiziphi izinselelo ezisazokwenzeka.I-5G Test Equipment Race Iqala Isizukulwane esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe obungenawaya sisathuthukiswa, kodwa abathengisi bemishini balungele ukuhlola i-5G ekusetshenzisweni komshayeli.
Imboni yenze inqubekelaphambili ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuguga kukuthinta kanjani ukwethembeka, kodwa okuguquguqukayo okuningi kwenza kube nzima ukulungisa.
Iqembu lihlola amandla ezinto ze-2D, inkumbulo ye-NAND yezendlalelo ezingu-1000, nezindlela ezintsha zokuqasha ithalente.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuminyana okwandayo kuma-node angaphambili kubangela izinselelo eziyinselele nezixakayo zokwenziwa nokupakishwa kwe-IC.
Ukuqinisekisa iphrosesa kunzima kakhulu kune-ASIC yosayizi oqhathanisekayo, futhi amaphrosesa we-RISC-V engeza olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi.
Iziqalo eziyi-127 zikhuphule u-$2.6 wezigidigidi, ngezimali ezibalulekile eziphakanyiswe ukuxhumana kwesikhungo sedatha, i-quantum computing namabhethri.
Imboni yenze inqubekelaphambili ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuguga kukuthinta kanjani ukwethembeka, kodwa okuguquguqukayo okuningi kwenza kube nzima ukulungisa.
Imiklamo ehlukahlukene, ukungezwani okushisayo ezimweni ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa kungathinta yonke into kusukela ekugugeni okusheshiswayo kuye kokungqubuzana nokuhluleka kwesistimu.
Izinga lenkumbulo elisha lengeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kodwa lisabiza futhi kunzima ukulisebenzisa.Lokhu kungase kushintshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-16-2023