Ngokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-5G, izindleko zesiteshi se-5G ziphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu yaziwa kabanzi.
Endabeni ye-China Mobile, ukusekela i-downlink enesivinini esikhulu, imojula yayo yefrikhwensi yomsakazo engu-2.6GHz idinga amashaneli angama-64 kanye nenani eliphakeme lama-watts angama-320.
Ngokuqondene nezingcingo eziphathwayo ze-5G ezixhumana nesiteshi sesisekelo, ngoba zisondelene kakhulu nomzimba womuntu, umugqa ophansi "wokulimala kwemisebe" kufanele uqashwe ngokuqinile, ngakho amandla okudlulisela anqunyelwe ngokuqinile.
I-Protocol ikhawulela amandla okudlulisela omakhalekhukhwini be-4G ukuba afike ku-23dBm (0.2w) aphezulu.Nakuba la mandla engemkhulu kakhulu, imvamisa yebhendi evamile ye-4G (FDD 1800MHz) iphansi kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kokudlulisela kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa.Akuyona inkinga ukuyisebenzisa.
Kodwa isimo se-5G sinzima kakhulu.
Okokuqala, ibhendi yefrikhwensi evamile ye-5G yi-3.5GHz, imvamisa ephezulu, ukulahleka kwendlela yokusabalalisa enkulu, ukungakwazi ukungena kahle, amandla omakhalekhukhwini abuthakathaka, namandla okudlulisa aphansi;ngakho-ke, i-uplink kulula ukuba ibe ibhodlela lesistimu.
Okwesibili, i-5G Isekelwe kumodi ye-TDD, futhi i-uplink ne-downlink ithunyelwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi.Ngokuvamile, ukuqinisekisa umthamo we-downlink, isabelo se-uplink ye-slot yesikhathi sincane, cishe ngama-30%.Ngamanye amazwi, ifoni ye-5G ku-TDD ine-30% kuphela yesikhathi sokuthumela idatha, okunciphisa nakakhulu amandla okudlulisa amaphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli yokuthunyelwa ye-5G iyaguquguquka, futhi inethiwekhi iyinkimbinkimbi.
Kumodi ye-NSA, i-5G ne-4G ithumela idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa ngoxhumano olukabili, ngokuvamile i-5G kumodi ye-TDD kanye ne-4G kumodi ye-FDD.Ngale ndlela, kufanele abe yini amandla okudlulisa umakhalekhukhwini?
Kumodi ye-SA, i-5G ingasebenzisa i-TDD noma i-FDD ukudluliselwa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi eyodwa.Bese uhlanganisa umthwali walezi zindlela ezimbili.Ngokufanayo nesimo semodi ye-NSA, umakhalekhukhwini udinga ukudlulisa idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa kumabhendi amabili ahlukene, kanye ne-TDD ne-FDD izindlela ezimbili;mangakanani amandla okufanele idlulisele?
Ngaphandle kwalokho, iselula kufanele idlulise amandla angakanani uma abathwali ababili be-TDD be-5G behlanganisiwe?
I-3GPP ichaze amazinga amaningi wamandla wetheminali.
Ku-Sub 6G spectrum, izinga lamandla 3 lingu-23dBm;Izinga lamandla 2 lingu-26dBm, futhi kuleveli yamandla 1, amandla etiyetha makhulu, futhi akukho ncazelo okwamanje.
Ngenxa yefrikhwensi ephezulu nezici zokudlulisela zihlukile kune-Sub 6G, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zicatshangelwa kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kokulungiswa noma ukusetshenziswa okungewona omakhalekhukhwini.
Iphrothokholi ichaza amazinga amane wamandla we-millimeter-wave, futhi inkomba yemisebe ibanzi ngokuqhathaniswa.
Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso kwe-5G kusekelwe ikakhulukazi kusevisi yeselula ye-EMBB kubhendi ye-Sub 6G.Okulandelayo kuzogxila ngokukhethekile kulesi simo, kuqondiswe kumabhendi emvamisa ye-5G (afana ne-FDD n1, N3, N8, TDD n41, n77, N78, njll.).Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziyisithupha ukuchaza:
- I-5G FDD (imodi ye-SA): amandla okudlulisa aphezulu izinga 3, okuyi-23dBm;
- I-5G TDD (imodi ye-SA): amandla okudlulisa aphezulu izinga 2, okuyi-26dBm;
- I-5G FDD +5G TDD CA (imodi ye-SA): amandla okudlulisa aphezulu izinga 3, okuyi-23dBm;
- I-5G TDD +5G TDD CA (imodi ye-SA): amandla okudlulisa aphezulu izinga 3, okuyi-23dBm;
- I-4G FDD +5G TDD DC (imodi ye-NSA): amandla okudlulisa aphezulu izinga 3, okuyi-23dBm;
- I-4G TDD + 5G TDD DC (imodi ye-NSA);Amandla okudlulisa aphezulu achazwe ngu-R15 yizinga lesi-3, elingu-23dBm;futhi inguqulo ye-R16 isekela izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa amandla 2, elingu-26dBm
Ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha ezingenhla, singabona izici ezilandelayo:
Inqobo nje uma umakhalekhukhwini usebenza kumodi ye-FDD, amandla okudlulisa aphezulu angu-23dBm kuphela, kuyilapho ikumodi ye-TDD, noma inethiwekhi engazimele, i-4G ne-5G kokubili kuyimodi ye-TDD, amandla okudlulisa aphezulu angaxegiselwa ku-26dBm.
Ngakho-ke, kungani iphrothokholi ikhathalela kangaka nge-TDD?
Njengoba sonke sazi, imboni yezokuxhumana ibilokhu inemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthi imisebe ye-electromagnetic.Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuphepha, amandla okudlulisela omakhalekhukhwini kufanele anqunyelwe ngokuqinile.
Njengamanje, amazwe nezinhlangano sezisungule izindinganiso zezempilo zokuchayeka emisebeni kagesi, zikhawulela imisebe yomakhalekhukhwini ebangeni elincane.Uma nje umakhalekhukhwini uhambisana nalawa mazinga, ungathathwa njengophephile.
Lawa mazinga ezempilo wonke akhomba inkomba eyodwa: i-SAR, esetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ukukala imiphumela yemisebe eseduze evela kumakhalekhukhwini nezinye izinto zokuxhumana eziphathwayo.
I-SAR iyi-Absorption Ratio ethize.Kuchazwa njengokulinganisa izinga amandla athathwa ngalo ngeyunithi ngayinye yomzimba womuntu lapho evezwe kunkambu kazibuthe yomsakazo (RF).Kungase futhi kubhekisele ekumunceni ezinye izinhlobo zamandla ngezicubu, kuhlanganise ne-ultrasound.Ichazwa njengamandla amuncwa ngesisindo ngasinye sethishu futhi inamayunithi ama-watts ngekhilogremu (W/kg).
Izinga likazwelonke laseShayina lisebenzisa izindinganiso zaseYurophu futhi libeka: “isilinganiso senani le-SAR lanoma iyiphi i-10g yezinto eziphilayo nganoma yimiphi imizuzu eyisithupha ngeke lidlule ku-2.0W/Kg.
Okusho ukuthi, futhi lawa mazinga ahlola isilinganiso senani lemisebe kagesi ekhiqizwa omakhalekhukhwini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ivumela ukuphakama kancane emandleni esikhathi esifushane, inqobo nje uma inani elimaphakathi lingeqi izinga.
Uma amandla okudlulisa aphezulu angu-23dBm kumodi ye-TDD ne-FDD, iselula ekwimodi ye-FDD idlulisela amandla ngokuqhubekayo.Ngokuphambene, iselula ekwimodi ye-TDD inamandla okudlulisa angu-30% kuphela, ngakho-ke isamba samandla okukhishwa kwe-TDD cishe angaphansi ngo-5dB kune-FDD.
Ngakho-ke, ukunxephezela amandla okudlulisela emodi ye-TDD ngo-3dB, kusendaweni yezinga le-SAR ukulungisa umehluko phakathi kwe-TDD ne-FDD, futhi engafinyelela ku-23dBm ngokwesilinganiso.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-03-2021