Abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo njengabacimi bomlilo, ama-ambulensi namaphoyisa bathembela ekuxhumaneni okuthembekile kwezindlela ezimbili zomsakazo lapho impilo nempahla kusengozini.Emabhilidini amaningi lokhu akuwona umsebenzi olula ngaso sonke isikhathi.Izimpawu zomsakazo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zivame ukumuncwa noma zivinjwe izakhiwo ezinkulu ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukhonkolo noma izakhiwo zensimbi.
Ukwengeza, izakhi zesakhiwo eziklanyelwe ukudala izakhiwo ezizinzile, njengamafasitela ezingilazi angashisi kancane, zinciphisa amasiginali avela kumasistimu omsakazo wokuphepha womphakathi.Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amasiginali abuthaka noma angekho angadala “izindawo ezifile” zomsakazo ezindaweni zezentengiselwano, ezingafaka engozini ukusebenzisana nokuvikeleka phakathi kwabaphenduli bokuqala ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, imithetho eminingi yokuphepha emlilweni manje idinga ukufakwa kwe-Emergency Response Communication Enhancement Systems (ERCES) ezakhiweni ezintsha nezikhona zezentengiselwano.Lezi zinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zikhulisa isignali ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, zinikeze ukuxhumana okucacile komsakazo wezindlela ezimbili ngaphandle kwamabala afile.
"Inkinga ukuthi abaphenduli bokuqala basebenza ngamaza ahlukene, ahluka ukusuka edolobheni nedolobha, ngakho-ke imishini ye-ERCES bekufanele yakhelwe ukukhulisa iziteshi eziqokiwe kuphela," kusho uTrevor Matthews, umphathi wophiko lwezokuxhumana okungenantambo lwabaphakeli iCosco.ukuvikela umlilo.Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 yokucindezelwa komlilo kwezentengiselwano kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha zokuphila.Eminyakeni emine edlule, inkampani ibihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokufakwa kwezinhlelo ezikhethekile ze-intercom.
U-Matthews wengeze ngokuthi imiklamo enjalo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukulungiselelwa kwe-ERCES ukuvimbela amasiginali ukuthi angaphazamisi amanye amaza nokugwema ukungqubuzana ne-FCC, okungafaka inhlawulo enkulu uma yephulwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ngokuvamile kufanele zifake lonke uhlelo ngaphambi kokukhipha isitifiketi sokugunyazwa.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane neminqamulajuqu eqinile, abafaki bathembele ku-OEM ERCES ukuze balethwe ngokushesha izingxenye zesistimu.
I-ERCES yesimanje iyatholakala “eyenziwe ngokwezifiso” ama-OEM ngeziteshi ezithile ezifiselekayo ze-UHF kanye/noma ze-VHF.Osonkontileka bangaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa okokusebenza kwenkundla kumkhawulokudonsa wangempela ngokusebenzisa ukukhetha kweshaneli.Le ndlela isiza ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho nezimfuneko, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko kanye nobunzima bokufakwa.
I-ERCES yethulwa okokuqala kwiKhodi Yokwakha Yamazwe Ngamazwe ka-2009.Imithetho yakamuva efana ne-IBC 2021 Section 916, IFC 2021 Section 510, NFPA 1221, 2019 Isigaba 9.6, NFPA 1, 2021 Isigaba 11.10, kanye no-2022 NFPA 1225 Isahluko 18 - idinga ukuthi zonke izakhiwo eziphuthumayo zibe nezinsiza eziphuthumayo.ukusabalala kwezokuxhumana.
Uhlelo lwe-ERCES luxhunywe emoyeni futhi lusetshenziswa abafaki abasebenzisa izimpondo eziqondisayo ezisophahleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe inethiwekhi yemibhoshongo yomsakazo wezokuphepha yomphakathi.Le antenna ibe isixhunywa ngentambo ye-coaxial kusikhulisa-zwi se-bi-directional (BDA) esikhulisa izinga lesiginali ukuze sinikeze ukumbozwa okwanele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga okuphepha empilo.I-BDA ixhunywe ku-Distributed Antenna System (DAS), inethiwekhi yama-antenna amancane afakwe kuso sonke isakhiwo asebenza njengeziphindaphindayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumbozwa kwesignali kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezingazodwa.
Emabhilidini amakhulu angamamitha-skwele angu-350,000 noma ngaphezulu, izikhulisa-msindo eziningi zingadingeka ukuze kunikezwe amandla esignali anele ohlelweni lonke.Ngaphezu kwendawo yaphansi, ezinye izindlela ezifana nomklamo wokwakha, uhlobo lwezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswayo, nokuminyana kwezakhiwo nazo zithinta inani lama-amplifiers adingekayo.
Esimemezelweni sakamuva, i-COSCO Fire Protection yanikezwa igunya lokufaka i-ERCES kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo ezididiyelwe kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha zokuphila esikhungweni esikhulu sokusabalalisa se-DC.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zikamasipala, i-Cosco Fire yayidinga ukufaka i-ERCES eshunwe ku-VHF 150-170 MHz yomnyango wezomlilo kanye ne-UHF 450-512 yamaphoyisa.Isakhiwo sizothola isitifiketi sokusebenza phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, ngakho ukufakwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukwenza inqubo ibe lula, i-Cosco Fire ikhethe i-Fiplex ku-Honeywell BDA kanye nezinhlelo ze-fiber optic DAS ezivela kumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wokuvikela umlilo wezakhiwo ezentengiselwano kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha zokuphila.
Lolu hlelo oluhambisanayo noluqinisekisiwe luklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuthembekile inzuzo ye-RF ephakeme kanye nokufakwa okungenamsindo, kukhuphule amandla esignali ye-RF yezindlela ezimbili ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, amahubhe nezinye izakhiwo.Isistimu yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-NFPA kanye namazinga e-IBC/IFC kanye nokufakwa kuhlu kwe-UL2524 2nd edition.
Ngokuka-Matthews, isici esibalulekile esihlukanisa i-ERCES kwabanye yikhono lama-OEM “lokushuna” idivayisi esiteshini abasisebenzisayo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.Osonkontileka bangaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukushuna kwe-BDA RF esizeni ukuze bafinyelele imvamisa edingekayo ngokukhetha isiteshi, i-firmware, noma umkhawulokudonsa olungisekayo.Lokhu kuqeda inkinga yokudluliswa kwe-broadband ezindaweni ze-RF eziminyene kakhulu, okungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle futhi okungase kubangele izinhlawulo ze-FCC.
UMatthews uveza omunye umehluko phakathi kwe-Fiplex BDA nezinye izikhulisi zesiginali yedijithali: inketho enamabhendi amabili yamamodeli azinikele e-UHF noma e-VHF.
“Inhlanganisela yama-amplifiers e-UHF ne-VHF yenza ukufakwa kube lula ngoba unephaneli eyodwa esikhundleni samabili.Iphinde inciphise isikhala sodonga esidingekayo, izidingo zamandla kanye namaphuzu angaba khona okuhluleka.Ukuhlola kwaminyaka yonke nakho kulula,” kusho uMatthews.
Ngezinhlelo zendabuko ze-ERCES, izinkampani zokuphepha komlilo nokuphila ngokuvamile zidinga ukuthenga izingxenye zezinkampani zangaphandle ngaphezu kokupakishwa kwe-OEM.
Mayelana nesicelo sangaphambilini, uMatthews uthole ukuthi “kunzima ukuthola imishini yendabuko ye-ERCES ukuthi isebenze.Sigcine sekufanele siphendukele enkampanini yangaphandle ukuze sithole izihlungi [zesiginali] ebesizidinga ngoba i-OEM ayizange isinikezile.”wathi isikhathi sokuthola imishini yizinyanga, futhi udinga amasonto.
"Abanye abathengisi bangathatha amasonto angu-8-14 ukuthola i-amplifier," kuchaza uMatthews.“Manje singakwazi ukuthola ama-amp angokwezifiso futhi siwafake ne-DAS phakathi namaviki angama-5-6.Lokhu kuyashintsha osonkontileka ikakhulukazi uma iwindi lokufaka licinene,” kuchaza uMatthews.
Kunjiniyela, umdwebi wezakhiwo, noma inkampani yobunjiniyela ezibuza ukuthi i-ERCES iyadingeka yini esakhiweni esisha noma esikhona, isinyathelo sokuqala ukubonisana nenkampani yokuphepha komlilo/impilo engakwazi ukwenza inhlolovo ye-RF yezakhiwo.
Ucwaningo lwe-RF lwenziwa ngokulinganisa izinga lesignali ye-downlink/uplink kuma-decibel milliwatts (dBm) kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okukhethekile kokulinganisa.Imiphumela izohanjiswa kumzimba onegunya ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi isistimu ye-ERCES iyadingeka yini noma ukukhululwa kufanelekile.
“Uma i-ERCES idingeka, kuhle ukuhlola kusenesikhathi ukuze kwehliswe izindleko, inkimbinkimbi, kanye nokufaka kalula.Uma noma yikuphi ibhilidi lihluleka ukwenza ucwaningo lwe-RF, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo siphelele ngo-50%, 80%, noma u-100%, faka uhlelo lwe-ERCES, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuluhlola ngaphambi kokuba ukufakwa kube nzima kakhulu,” kusho uMatthews.
Ubalule ukuthi kungase kube nezinye izinkinga uma kwenziwa izivivinyo ze-RF ezikhungweni ezifana nezindawo zokugcina impahla.I-ERCES ingase ingadingeki endaweni yokugcina impahla engenalutho, kodwa amandla esignali ezindaweni zesikhungo angashintsha kakhulu ngemva kokufakwa kwama-racks nezinye izinto zokusebenza kanye nokwengezwa kwezimpahla.Uma uhlelo lufakiwe ngemuva kokuthi indawo yokugcina impahla isivele isetshenziswa, inkampani yokuphepha komlilo nokuphila kufanele isebenze idlula ingqalasizinda ekhona kanye nanoma yisiphi izisebenzi.
“Ukufaka izingxenye ze-ERCES esakhiweni esimatasa kunzima kakhulu kunasendaweni yokugcina impahla engenalutho.Abafakayo kungase kudingeke basebenzise i-hoist ukuze bafinyelele ophahleni, izintambo ezivikelekile, noma ukubeka izimpondo, okuyinto okunzima ukuyenza esakhiweni esisebenza ngokugcwele,” u-Matthews.kusho chaza.
Uma ukufakwa kwesistimu kuphazamisa ukukhishwa kwezitifiketi zokuthuma, lokhu kuvinjelwa kungabambezela kakhulu ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi.
Ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, abathuthukisi bezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, abaklami bezakhiwo kanye namafemu onjiniyela bangazuza kosonkontileka abangochwepheshe bejwayelene nezimfuneko ze-ERCES.
Ngokulethwa okusheshayo kwe-ERCES ethuthukisiwe eshunwe i-OEM esiteshini esifiswayo se-RF, usonkontileka oqeqeshiwe angafaka futhi athuthukise imishini yamafrikhwensi akhethekile endawo ukuze akhethwe ukukhetha kwesiteshi.Le ndlela isheshisa amaphrojekthi nokuhambisana, futhi ithuthukisa ukuphepha ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-10-2023