Yini i-MIMO?

1.   Yini i-MIMO?

Kule nkathi yokuxhumana, omakhalekhukhwini, njengefasitela lethu lokuxhumana nezwe langaphandle, kubukeka sengathi sebeyingxenye yemizimba yethu.

Kodwa umakhalekhukhwini awukwazi ukungena kwi-inthanethi wodwa, inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini isibaluleke ngokufanayo namanzi nogesi kubantu.Uma usebenzisa i-inthanethi, awukuzwa ukubaluleka kwalawa maqhawe angemuva kwesigcawu.Uma usuhambile, uzwa sengathi ngeke usakwazi ukuphila.

Kwakukhona isikhathi, i-intanethi ye-Mobile phone 'yayikhokhiswa traffic, iholo lomuntu ojwayelekile liyizinhlamvu ezingamakhulu ambalwa, kodwa i-1MHz idinga ukuchitha uhlamvu lwemali.Ngakho-ke, uma ubona i-Wi-Fi, uzozizwa uphephile.

Ake sibone ukuthi ibukeka kanjani irutha engenantambo.

8 izimpondo, kubukeka njengezicabucabu.

Ingabe isignali ingangena ezindongeni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu?Noma ingabe isivinini se-inthanethi sizophindeka kabili?

Le miphumela ingafinyelelwa ngomzila, futhi ifinyelelwa ngezinti eziningi, ubuchwepheshe obudumile be-MIMO.

I-MIMO, okuyi-Multi-input Multi output.

Kunzima ukucabanga lokho, akunjalo?Iyini i-Multi-input Multi-output, izinti zingayithola kanjani yonke imiphumela?Uma usebenzisa i-inthanethi ngekhebula lenethiwekhi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompyutha ne-inthanethi kuyikhebula elingokoqobo, ngokusobala.Manje ake sicabange lapho sisebenzisa izinti ukuthumela amasignali emoyeni sisebenzisa amagagasi kagesi.Umoya usebenza njengocingo kodwa ungokoqobo, umzila wokudlulisa amasignali obizwa ngokuthi ishaneli engenantambo.

Ngakho-ke, ungayenza kanjani i-inthanethi isheshe?

Yebo uqinisile!Ingaxazululwa ngezinye izinti ezimbalwa, izintambo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe ndawonye ukuze uthumele futhi wamukele idatha.I-MIMO yakhelwe isiteshi esingenantambo.

Okufanayo namarutha angenantambo, isiteshi sesisekelo se-4G kanye neselula yakho yenza into efanayo.

Ngenxa ye-MIMO Technology, ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile ne-4G, singakwazi ukuzwa isivinini esisheshayo se-inthanethi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zabasebenza ngomakhalekhukhwini zehle kakhulu;singasebenzisa imali encane ukuze sibe nesivinini esisheshayo nesingenamkhawulo se-inthanethi.Manje sesingakwazi ekugcineni ukuqeda ukuncika kwethu ku-Wi-Fi futhi sihlole i-inthanethi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Manje, ake ngethule ukuthi iyini i-MIMO?

2.I-MIMO Classification

Okokuqala nje, i-MIMO esiyishilo ekuqaleni ibhekisela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesivinini senethiwekhi ekulayisheni.Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, okwamanje, sinesidingo esinamandla sokulandwa.Cabanga ngakho, ungadawuniloda inqwaba yamavidiyo e-GHz kodwa ulayishe kakhulu ama-MHz ambalwa nje.

Njengoba i-MIMO ibizwa ngokuthi okokufaka okuningi kanye nokuphumayo okuningi, izindlela zokudlulisa eziningi zidalwa ama-antenna amaningi.Vele, isiteshi esiyisisekelo asisekeli nje kuphela ukudluliswa kwezinti eziningi, kodwa iselula nayo idinga ukuhlangana nokwamukela izimpondo eziningi.

Ake sihlole lo mdwebo olula olandelayo: (Eqinisweni, uthi lwesiteshi sesisekelo lukhulu, futhi uthi lweselula luncane futhi lufihliwe. Kodwa noma lunamakhono ahlukene, lusesimweni esifanayo sokuxhumana.)

Ngokwenani lezimpondo zesiteshi esiyisisekelo nomakhalekhukhwini, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezine: i-SISO, i-SIMO, i-MISO ne-MIMO.

SISO: Okokufaka Okukodwa kanye Nokukhipha Okukodwa

I-SIMO: Okokufaka Okukodwa kanye Nokukhiphayo Okuningi

I-MISO: Okokufaka Okuningi kanye Nokukhipha Okukodwa

I-MIMO: Okuphumayo Okuningi Nokuphuma Kaningi

Ake siqale nge-SISO:

Ifomu elilula kakhulu lingachazwa ngamagama e-MIMO njengokuthi SISO – Okokufaka Okukodwa Okukhiphayo.Lesi sidlulisi sisebenza ngothi olulodwa njenge-des the receiver.Akukho ukuhlukahluka, futhi akukho ukucubungula okwengeziwe okudingekayo.

Kunothingo olulodwa lwesiteshi esiyisisekelo nolunye lweselula;aziphazamisi zodwa—indlela yokudlulisela phakathi kwazo iwukuphela kokuxhumana.

Akungabazeki ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo luntekenteke kakhulu, luwumgwaqo omncane.Noma yiziphi izimo ezingalindelekile zizobeka ngokuqondile usongo kwezokuxhumana.

I-SIMO ingcono ngoba ukwamukela ifoni kuthuthukisiwe.

Njengoba ubona, iselula ayikwazi ukushintsha indawo engenawaya, ngakho iyazishintsha – iselula ingeza uthi kuyona.

Ngale ndlela, umyalezo othunyelwe usuka esiteshini ungafinyelela umakhalekhukhwini ngezindlela ezimbili!Ukuthi nje zombili zivela othini olulodwa esiteshini esiyisisekelo futhi zingathumela kuphela idatha efanayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, akunandaba ukuthi ulahlekelwa idatha ethile emzileni ngamunye.Inqobo nje uma ifoni ingathola ikhophi kunoma iyiphi indlela, nakuba umthamo omkhulu uhlala unjalo emzileni ngamunye, amathuba okuthola idatha ngempumelelo aphindeka kabili.Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-receiver diversity.

Yini i-MISO?

Ngamanye amazwi, iselula isenothi olulodwa, futhi isibalo sezimpondo esiteshini sesisekelo siyakhuphuka sibe ezimbili.Kulokhu, idatha efanayo idluliselwa kusuka kuma-antenna amabili adlulisayo.Futhi i-antenna yokwamukela ikwazi ukuthola isignali ephezulu kanye nedatha eqondile.

Ubuhle bokusebenzisa i-MISO ukuthi izimpondo eziningi kanye nedatha kuhanjiswa kusuka kowamukelayo kuye kumthumeli.Isiteshi esiyisisekelo sisakwazi ukuthumela idatha efanayo ngezindlela ezimbili;akunandaba ukuthi ulahlekelwa idatha ethile;ukuxhumana kungaqhubeka ngokujwayelekile.

Nakuba umthamo omkhulu usalokhu ufana, izinga lokuphumelela lokuxhumana liphindeke kabili.Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi i-transmit diversity.

Ekugcineni, ake sikhulume nge-MIMO.

Kukhona izinti ezingaphezu kweyodwa ekugcineni kwesixhumanisi somsakazo, futhi lokhu kubizwa nge-MIMO -Multiple Input Multiple Output.I-MIMO ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngentuthuko kukho kokubili ukuqina kwesiteshi kanye nokuphuma kwesiteshi.Isiteshi esiyisisekelo nohlangothi lweselula zombili zingasebenzisa izimpondo ezimbili ukuthumela nokwamukela ngokuzimela, futhi kusho ukuthi ijubane liphindwe kabili?

Ngale ndlela, kunemizila emine yokudlulisela phakathi kwesiteshi esiyisisekelo kanye nomakhalekhukhwini, okubonakala sengathi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke, ngoba isiteshi esiyisisekelo kanye nohlangothi lwefoni ephathekayo zombili zinezimpondo ezi-2, zingathumela futhi zamukele idatha emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ngakho-ke umthamo omkhulu we-MIMO ukhuphuka kangakanani uma uqhathaniswa nomzila owodwa?Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwangaphambilini kwe-SIMO ne-MISO, kubonakala sengathi umthamo omkhulu uncike enanini lama-antenna nhlangothi zombili.

Amasistimu e-MIMO ngokuvamile anjenge-A*B MIMO;U-A usho inombolo yezimpondo zesiteshi, u-B usho inombolo yezimpondo eziphathwayo.Cabanga nge-4*4 MIMO kanye ne-4*2 MIMO.Ucabanga ukuthi yimuphi umthamo omkhulu?

I-4*4 MIMO ingathumela futhi yamukele iziteshi ezi-4 ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi umthamo wayo omkhulu ungafinyelela izikhathi ezi-4 kunezohlelo lwe-SISO.4*2 MIMO ingafinyelela izikhathi ezi-2 kuphela kunohlelo lwe-SISO.

Lokhu kusetshenziswa izimpondo eziningi nezindlela zokudlulisela ezihlukene esikhaleni sokuphindaphinda ukuthumela amakhophi amaningi edatha ehlukene ngokuhambisana ukuze kukhuliswe umthamo kubizwa ngokuthi i-space division multiplex.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe umthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa ungaba kusistimu ye-MIMO?Ake size esivivinyweni.

Sisathatha isiteshi esiyisisekelo kanye neselula enezimpondo ezi-2 njengesibonelo.Izoba yini indlela yokudlulisela phakathi kwabo?

Njengoba ubona, izindlela ezine zidlula ekufipheleni okufanayo nasekuphazamisekeni, futhi lapho idatha ifika kumakhalekhukhwini, ayisakwazi ukuhlukanisa.Ingabe lokhu akufani nendlela eyodwa?Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lwe-2*2 MIMO alufani nohlelo lwe-SISO?

Ngendlela efanayo, uhlelo lwe-2*2 MIMO lungawohloka lube yi-SIMO, i-MISO, nezinye izinhlelo, okusho ukuthi i-multiplex ye-space division yehliswa ibe ukuhlukahluka kokudlulisela noma ukwahlukahlukana okutholayo, ukulindela kwesiteshi sesisekelo nakho sekunciphile ekulandeleni isivinini esikhulu ukuya. ukuqinisekisa izinga lokuphumelela lokuthola.

Futhi izinhlelo ze-MIMO zifundwa kanjani kusetshenziswa izimpawu zezibalo?

3.Imfihlo yesiteshi se-MIMO

Onjiniyela bayathanda ukusebenzisa izimpawu zezibalo.

Onjiniyela bamake idatha evela kuzimpondo ezimbili esiteshini esiyisisekelo njenge-X1 ne-X2, idatha evela ezintini zamaselula njenge-Y1 ne-Y2, izindlela ezine zokudlulisela zazimakwe njenge-H11, H12, H21, H22.

Kulula ukubala u-Y1 no-Y2 ngale ndlela.Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, umthamo we-2*2 MIMO ungafinyelela kabili ku-SISO, ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi, ngezinye izikhathi uze ufane ne-SISO.Ukuchaza kanjani?

Le nkinga ingachazwa ngokuhlobana kwesiteshi esisanda kubalula—lapho ukuhlobana kuphezulu, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuhlukanisa indlela yokudlulisela ngakunye ohlangothini lweselula.Uma isiteshi sifana, izibalo ezimbili ziba yinto eyodwa, ngakho-ke kukhona indlela eyodwa yokusidlulisela.

Ngokusobala, imfihlo yesiteshi se-MIMO ilele ekwahluleleni kokuzimela kwendlela yokudlulisela.Okusho ukuthi, imfihlo ilele ku-H11, H12, H21, kanye ne-H22.Onjiniyela benza isibalo sibe lula kanje:

Onjiniyela bazame ukwenza lula i-H1, H12, H21, ne-H22, ngokusebenzisa izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-equation futhi ekugcineni yaguqulelwa kufomula.

Okokufaka okubili X'1 kanye no-X'2, phindaphinda okuthi λ1kanye no-λ2, ungathola u-Y'1 kanye no-Y'2.Asho ukuthini amanani ka-λ1 kanye no-λ2?

Kukhona i-matrix entsha.I-matrix enedatha ku-diagonal eyodwa kuphela ibizwa ngokuthi i-diagonal matrix.Inombolo yedatha engeyona iqanda ku-diagonal ibizwa ngokuthi izinga le-matrix.Ku-2*2 MIMO, ibhekisela kumanani angewona aziro ka-λ1 kanye no-λ2.

Uma izinga lingu-1, kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-2*2 MIMO luhlotshaniswa kakhulu esikhaleni sokudlulisela, okusho ukuthi i-MIMO yehla ibe yi-SISO noma i-SIMO futhi ingathola kuphela futhi idlulisele yonke idatha ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Uma izinga lingu-2, kusho ukuthi isistimu ineziteshi ezimbili ezizimele uma kuqhathaniswa.Ingathumela futhi yamukele idatha ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma izinga lingu-2, ingabe umthamo walezi ziteshi ezimbili zokudlulisela uphinda kabili kweyodwa?Impendulo isesilinganisweni sika-λ1 no-λ2, esibizwa nangokuthi inombolo enemibandela.

Uma inombolo enemibandela ingu-1, kusho ukuthi λ1 kanye no-λ2 kuyafana;banokuzimela okuphezulu.Amandla ohlelo lwe-2*2 MIMO angafinyelela umkhawulo.

Uma inombolo enemibandela ingaphezu kuka-1, kusho ukuthi u-λ1 kanye no-λ2 ahlukile.Nokho, kuneziteshi ezimbili zendawo, futhi izinga lihlukile, khona-ke uhlelo luzobeka izinsiza eziyinhloko esiteshini ngekhwalithi engcono.Ngale ndlela, umthamo wesistimu ye-MIMO engu-2*2 uyizikhathi ezi-1 noma ezi-2 zohlelo lwe-SISO.

Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwenziwa ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwesikhala ngemuva kokuthi isiteshi esiyisisekelo sithumele idatha.Isiteshi esiyisisekelo sazi kanjani ukuthi kufanele sisithumele nini isiteshi esisodwa noma iziteshi ezimbili?

Ungakhohlwa, futhi azikho izimfihlo phakathi kwabo.Iselula izothumela isimo sayo esilinganisiwe sesiteshi, izinga le-matrix yokudlulisela, kanye neziphakamiso zokufaka amakhodi kusengaphambili esiteshini esiyisisekelo ukuze kusetshenziswe ireferensi.

Kuleli qophelo, ngicabanga ukuthi siyabona ukuthi i-MIMO iphenduka into enjalo.